12. What
were Queen Elizabeth's greatest accomplishments?
I have listed below
what I consider to be Queen Elizabeth's greatest accomplishments. However,
please note that this is only my opinion, and others may have differing
opinions. If asked this as an essay or exam question, you will answer it
better if you think for yourself what her greatest accomplishments were.
1. She survived and
succeeded in a world that was male dominated, proving that a woman could
rule as well as any man. Until her successful reign, it was thought a woman
could not rule, and the reign of her halfsister, Queen Mary, had done nothing
to change this train of thought.
2. She succeeded
in uniting her people in a world that was divided by religious conflict.
Elizabeth managed to make her religious settlement of 1559 work, despite
the conflicting religious interests in her country. She managed to restrain
Catholic opposition and hold back the Puritan threat to her church. When
she became Queen, the majority of her people were probably Catholic. When
she died, the majority of her people were Protestant and content with the
church as she established it. The fabric of her church is still in existence
today.
3. By careful manipulation
of her public image, she gained the popularity and affection of her people,
and managed to retain this even when she was in her declining years. She
presented herself, in Walter Raleigh's words, as a "queen of the poor aswell
as the rich", and while she was always graceful in public, she was never
aloof and had a common touch that won her the hearts of the common people.
4. She was careful
and cautious in her approach to politics. She never acted hastily or embarked
on a course of action unpopular with her people. She was a determined politician,
but a practical one, and would yield on unpopular issues. She backed down
on the granting of monopolies in 1601 after public opposition to them,
and may well have held back from marrying Francis, Duke of Alencon, because
of hostile public opinion.
5. While Elizabeth
knew when to back down politically, she never abandoned any of her ministers
or favourites because of hostile public opinion or because of internal
court pressure. She continued to favour Robert Dudley, despite hostile
public opinion, and supported William Cecil when almost the entire Privy
Council demanded his resignation. Elizabeth chose her advisors well and
gave posts only to those she considered able to do the job.
6. Elizabeth encouraged
the arts and patronised scholars, enouraging her courtiers to do so too.
She enouraged the theatre, despite the moral objections of the Puritans,
and this allowed for the flourishing of the arts and drama and the work
of great men like William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe.
7. Elizabeth managed
to successfully lead her people in war. She defeated the most powerful
man in the world, King Philip II of Spain, when he sent his Armada against
the country in the summer of 1588. Elizabeth had been careful to nurture
the navy, and her efforts had paid off well. The defeat of the Armada was
her finest hour, and has gone down in history as one of the greatest English
victories at sea.
8. Elizabeth encouraged
overseas exploration.
9. Elizabeth believed
in the merits of peace rather than the glories of war, and the years of
peace she gave England, meant that the country prospered while other countries
fell apart due to their internal conflicts. As soon as she became Queen,
Elizabeth reversed the debasing of the coinage. She encouraged trade in
London, the Foreign Exchange, and the learning of skills from foreign refugees.
10. When Elizabeth
became Queen in 1558, her country was poor, torn apart by religious squabbles,
and a second rate power in the world. When she died in 1603, England was
one of the most affluent and powerful countries in the world.
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